INTRODUCTION Marine pollution is critically important for both environmental sustainability and the protection of marine ecosystems. Türkiye, with its strategic geographical position and international obligations, enforces various national and international regulations to combat marine pollution. However, the maritime sector often critiques the administrative fines imposed, viewing them as disproportionate in some cases. Administrative fines for…

In the face of a global climate crisis, industries worldwide are under increasing pressure to reduce their carbon footprint, and the shipping industry is no exception. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union (EU) have introduced a multitude of measures, creating a complex landscape that ships must navigate to comply with Energy Efficiency…

Introduction: The Beginning of 2023 marked the commencement of a new regulatory era for cargo, RoPax, and cruise ships, with a gross tonnage of 5,000 or more, falling within the purview of the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) rating system. This metric quantifies a ship's efficiency in transporting goods or passengers by measuring grams of CO2…

Introduction The EU Emissions Trading System, initially established in 2005 to address greenhouse gas emissions, has undergone a transformative expansion. Originally focused on energy-intensive sectors, recent negotiations and agreements have broadened its scope to include the shipping industry. In December 2022, provisional agreement extended the EU ETS to cover shipping. This extension was formally adopted…